CloudLinux is a Linux distribution primarily tailored for hosting environments, and it’s built upon the CentOS operating system. It leverages LVE (Lightweight Virtual Environment) kernel technology, which bears some similarities to OpenVZ and other OS-based virtualization methods.

In the context of shared hosting, one of the most common causes of downtime is a single user account monopolizing a significant portion of the shared resources due to resource-intensive websites or unoptimized scripts. CloudLinux OS addresses this issue by creating an environment where it’s virtually impossible for one or a few users to overload or hang the server.

The core concept of CloudLinux is to enhance server stability by isolating each client within a secure and separate environment, often referred to as a ‘container.’ This isolation limits the amount of resources each user can utilize.

Furthermore, CloudLinux incorporates CageFS, a virtualized file system along with a set of tools designed to confine each user within their own ‘cage.’ Each customer has their individual CageFS with all necessary system files and tools.

Here are the advantages of CageFS:

1. Users can only access safe binaries.
2. Users cannot discover the presence or usernames of other users on the server.
3. Users cannot view server configuration files, such as Apache config files.
4. Users have a restricted view of the /proc file system and cannot monitor other users’ processes.
5. CageFS confines the execution of scripts, preventing malware in one cPanel account from affecting others.

The benefits of CloudLinux include:

1. Isolation of users to prevent resource-related issues among neighbors.
2. Users cannot access sensitive configuration files or private data.
3. Monitoring and control of resource limits, including CPU, RAM, and I/O usage.
4. Monitoring and management of MySQL usage.
5. Provision of the CageFS file system for unique encapsulation of each customer.
6. End users can select from various PHP versions.
7. Protection against symbolic link attacks.
8. Compatibility with all major control panels.

In summary, CloudLinux and its CageFS component are powerful tools that enhance the stability and security of hosting environments, ensuring that users have a reliable and secure experience while sharing server resources.